来华留学生课堂作业（复习思考题）
Questions for foreign students as homework
1.你怎样理解中医西医的主要区别？
1. How do you understand the major differences between TCM and WM?
思考范围：key points:
A．中医的宏观与西医的微观
A. Broad view of TCM and micro view of WM
B．哲学范畴内中医与西医的科学性；
B. Scientific TCM an WM in philosophy
C．中医的恒动观与西医的相对静止；
C. The view permonent movement an relative quietness.
D．中医的可变性与西医的可见性。
D. Invisible TCM and Invisible WM
2. 你们国家有没有传统医学，如何挖掘和继承？
2. Do you have your own Traditional Medicine in your country, and how do you inheritent and develop this medicine?
思考范围：key points
A. 每个国家传统上都有医学，遗憾的是都遗失了；
A. In tradition every country has his medicine, but it is lost after WM’s development
B. 中医学没有丢掉，不仅是长期的临床实践，更重要的是系统的理论体系；
B. Chine remains TCM, the reason is not only we have long time clinical practices , but we have the systemetic theory.
C. 中医学可以唤醒不同国家的传统医学。
C. TCM can recall the Traditional Medicine in different countries.
3.中医学的特点是什么，对西医有影响吗？
3. What is the major characters of TCM, do you think it has some influencecs to WM.?
思考范围：key points:
A基本特点是中医的灵魂，对西医有不同程度的影响；
A. Basic characters is the soul of TCM, it will influence WM in different degrees.
B.整体观影响了西医从传统的生物医学模式向现代医学模式的过渡；
B. Holism influence WM in the transmission from traditional biochemistry to modern medical model
C.整体观还影响了西医的联合用药及整体思维模式；
C. Holism also influence WM in the usage of compound medicine and integretion thinking way in human beings.
D.辨证论治强调了时间与空间对疾病的影响，对西医也有影响。Syndrome differentiations also influence WM in time and space related to diseases.
4. 你如何理解中医强调个体化治疗？
4. How do you understand that TCM stress on the individual treatment in clinical practicee?
思考范围：key points:
A．辨证论治是中医学的基本特点，证的不同导致不同的治疗方案；
A. Syndrome differentiations is the basic characters of TCM, different syndromes will go for different treat ment.
B．中医对人的体质分类比较详细，不同体质治疗也不同；
B. The treatment is also based on different individual constitutions.
C．时间地域对疾病个体的影响也不同。
C. Different time and regions also make influences to different human body.
5.如何理解中医的阴阳?
5. How to understand Yin and Yang in TCM?
思考范围：key points
A.来源于中国传统文化，与中国哲学密不可分；
A. Yin and Yang is originated from Traditional Chinese culture, which has close relation with Chines philosophy.
B.概念抽象，但用于解释人体生理病理现象明晰；
B. The concept of Yin and Yang is abstract, but it is clear in the explanation of physiology and pathogeneses in human body.
C.是整个中医学的理论基石。
C. It is the foundation of Chinese medicine
6. 如何理解中医的五行?
6. How to understand five elements in TCM?
思考范围：key points
A．来源于中国传统文化，与中国哲学密不可分；
A.Five elements is originated from Traditional Chinese culture, which has close
B. 用于解释五脏之间的关系非常具体；
B. It is applied for the explanation of the relationship among each of five Zang organs.
C．与阴阳学说构建成中医学的理论基石。
C. It is the foundation of Chinese medicine
7.中医的藏象有何特点？
7. What is the characters of Zang Xiang?
思考范围：key points
A. 区别于西医的脏器，更侧重于功能；
A. Zang Xiang is different front organs in WM, and it stress on the functional changes.
B. 侧重与时间空间的关系，体现了“天人相应”的思想；
B. It stress on time and space related with human body whih is called “ response of Heaven and Huan Body”
C．强调脏腑之间的联系和相互影响。
C. It stress on the relationship and influences among each organs.
8.什么是人身三宝？
8. What is the three tresures in TCM?
思考范围：key points
A. 精气神与生命要素的关系；
A. Essence, qi and mind are clos erelated with human life.
B. 精、气、神的关系。
B. the relationship among Essence, qi and mind.
9.如何理解中医的气，与西医有联系吗？
9. How to understand qi in TCM, is it related with WM?
思考范围：key points
A. 气是中医认识人体的基础，有气才有人，才有疾病，才有治疗；
A. Qi is the foundation of human body, qi is your life, qi is related with your diseases, qi is closely related with the treatment.
B. 当然有联系，遗传、免疫等因素。
B. Qi is related with inheritance , imunity function and etc.
C. 气的运动和多样性决定了体质的多样性，和疾病的多样性，治疗的多样性。
C. Moving qi and classification of qi lead to different constitution, different diseases, and different treatment.
10.如何理解经络与神经和血管的关系？
10. How to understand the relationship between meridians and nerves and vessles?
思考范围：key points
A.经络是中医基础理论体系的一部分，像公路，网络，联络沟通，人体才是一个有机的整体；
A. Meridians is the important component of TCM, which connect different parts of human body into a holism such as, high way, inter-net.
B. 2000多年前没有神经，只有部分血管的认识，这是认识论上的一个进步；
B. Ther was no idea about nerves but little about vessles in 2000 years ago, so consideration about nerves and vessles is a great progress based on meridians.
C. 现代观点神经和血管应该是经络的一部分。
C. Nerves and vessles are parts of meridians in modern considerations.
11. 中医病因中温、热、火有何区别？
11. How to understand the differences among warm, hot and fire?
思考范围：key points
A. 温、热、火虽同为一气，但温能化热，热能生火，程度上还是有一定差别的。
A. Warm, hot and fire belong to one nature of qi, retention of warm can change to hot, and more hot change to fire, the degreeand manifestations are different.
B. 温为热之微，热为温之甚；热为火之渐，火为热之极。
B. Mild hot is warm, severe warm is hot, tender fire is hot, extreme fire is fire.
12.中医发病学原理是什么？
12. How to understand the occurences of diseases in TCM?
思考范围：key points
A.强调正气和邪气之间的变化关系；
A. The relation and changing of vital energy and pathogenic factors.
B.环境、体质等因素对发病有重要的影响作用。
B. The environment and constitution are important conditions for the occurences of diseases.
13.如何理解中医学的防治思想？
How to understand the prevention and treatment in TCM?
思考范围：key points
A. 强调预防第一；
A. PreVEntion is of first importan in treatment
B. 治病求本；
B. Seeking the root when treating diseases
C. 注重因人、因地、因时制宜。
C. TCM stress on different individuals, different regions, and different times.
